How to learn Java – Basic Operators

Basic Operators,Java presents a rich set of operators to manipulate variables. We can divide all of the Java operators into the following businesses −

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Logical Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Misc Operators

Basic Operators,The Arithmetic Operators

Basic Operators,Arithmetic operators are utilized in mathematical expressions within the equal manner that they’re used in algebra. The following table lists the mathematics operators −

Assume integer variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then −

Show Examples

Operator	Description	Example
+ (Addition)	Adds values on either side of the operator.	A + B will give 30
– (Subtraction)	Subtracts right-hand operand from left-hand operand.	A – B will give -10
* (Multiplication)	Multiplies values on either side of the operator.	A * B will give 200
/ (Division)	Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operand.	B / A will give 2
% (Modulus)	Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operand and returns remainder.	B % A will give 0
++ (Increment)	Increases the value of operand by 1.	B++ gives 21
— (Decrement)	Decreases the value of operand by 1.	B– gives 19

Basic Operators,The Relational Operators

Basic Operators,There are following relational operators supported with the aid of Java language.

Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then −

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Operator	Description	Example
== (equal to)	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A == B) is not true.
!= (not equal to)	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.	(A != B) is true.
> (greater than)	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A > B) is not true.
< (less than)	Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A < B) is true.
>= (greater than or equal to)	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A >= B) is not true.
<= (less than or equal to)	Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.	(A <= B) is true.

Basic Operators,The Bitwise Operators

Basic Operators,Java defines numerous bitwise operators, which can be implemented to the integer sorts, lengthy, int, short, char, and byte.

Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit-through-bit operation. Assume if a = 60 and b = 13; now in binary format they may be as follows −

a = 0011 1100

b = 0000 1101

---

a&b = 0000 1100

adesk lists the bitwise operators −

Assume integer variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13 then −

Show Examples

Operator	Description	Example
& (bitwise and)	Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.	(A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100
| (bitwise or)	Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.	(A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101
^ (bitwise XOR)	Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.	(A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001
~ (bitwise compliment)	Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of ‘flipping’ bits.	(~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2’s complement form due to a signed binary number.
<< (left shift)	Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000
>> (right shift)	Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.	A >> 2 will give 15 which is 1111
>>> (zero fill right shift)	Shift right zero fill operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values are filled up with zeros.	A >>>2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111

The Logical Operators

The following desk lists the logical operators −

Assume Boolean variables A holds real and variable B holds fake, then −

Show Examples

Operator	Description	Example
&& (logical and)	Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true.	(A && B) is false
|| (logical or)	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true.	(A || B) is true
! (logical not)	Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false.	!(A && B) is true

Basic Operators,The Assignment Operators

Basic Operators,Following are the assignment operators supported by Java language −

Show Examples

Operator	Description	Example
=	Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand.	C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C
+=	Add AND assignment operator. It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand.	C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
-=	Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand.	C -= A is equivalent to C = C – A
*=	Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand.	C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A
/=	Divide AND assignment operator. It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand.	C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
%=	Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand.	C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A
<<=	Left shift AND assignment operator.	C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2
>>=	Right shift AND assignment operator.	C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2
&=	Bitwise AND assignment operator.	C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2
^=	bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator.	C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2
|=	bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator.	C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2

Miscellaneous Operators

There are few other operators supported by Java Language.

Conditional Operator ( ? : )

Conditional operator is also called the ternary operator. This operator consists of three operands and is used to evaluate Boolean expressions. The aim of the operator is to decide, which price must be assigned to the variable. The operator is written as −

variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false

Example

public class Test {

   public static void main(String args[]) {
      int a, b;
      a = 10;
      b = (a == 1) ? 20: 30;
      System.out.println( "Value of b is : " +  b );

      b = (a == 10) ? 20: 30;
      System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
   }
}

This will produce the following result −

Output

Value of b is : 30
Value of b is : 20

instanceof Operator

This operator is used best for object reference variables. The operator checks whether or not the item is of a specific kind (elegance kind or interface kind). Instanceof operator is written as −

( Object reference variable ) instanceof  (class/interface type)

If the object referred by the variable on the left side of the operator passes the IS-A take a look at for the elegance/interface kind at the proper facet, then the end result may be true. Following is an example −

Example

public class Test {

   public static void main(String args[]) {

      String name = "James";

      // following will return true since name is type of String
      boolean result = name instanceof String;
      System.out.println( result );
   }
}

This will produce the following result −

Output

true

This operator will nevertheless go back authentic, if the object being compared is the venture compatible with the kind at the right. Following is one more example −

Example

class Vehicle {}

public class Car extends Vehicle {

   public static void main(String args[]) {

      Vehicle a = new Car();
      boolean result =  a instanceof Car;
      System.out.println( result );
   }
}

This will produce the following result −

Output

true

Precedence of Java Operators

Operator priority determines the grouping of phrases in an expression. This affects how an expression is evaluated. Certain operators have better precedence than others; as an instance, the multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator −

For instance, x = 7 + 3 * 2; right here x is assigned thirteen, no longer 20 due to the fact operator * has better precedence than +, so it first receives improved with three * 2 after which adds into 7.

Here, operators with the very best priority seem at the top of the table, people with the bottom seem at the lowest. Within an expression, higher precedence operators may be evaluated first.

Category	Operator	Associativity
Postfix	expression++ expression–	Left to right
Unary	++expression –-expression +expression –expression ~ !	Right to left
Multiplicative	* / %	Left to right
Additive	+ –	Left to right
Shift	<< >> >>>	Left to right
Relational	< > <= >= instanceof	Left to right
Equality	== !=	Left to right
Bitwise AND	&	Left to right
Bitwise XOR	^	Left to right
Bitwise OR	|	Left to right
Logical AND	&&	Left to right
Logical OR	||	Left to right
Conditional	?:	Right to left
Assignment	= += -= *= /= %= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>=	Right to left

What is Next?

The next chapter will give an explanation for approximately loop control in Java programming. The bankruptcy will describe various kinds of loops and the way these loops can be utilized in Java software improvement and for what functions they’re being used.